Welcome to Gaia
at Natural Earth |
Gaia is a principle based on the work of James Lovelock.
It is his hypothesis that life shapes and controls the environment
rather than the other way round. Every individual lifeform is involved
by its own life prosesses. Lovelock's work has helped promote a new
understanding of life at all levels.
While
the Gaia Hypothesis was readily accepted by many in the environmentalist
community, it has not been fully accepted within the scientific community.
Among its more famous critics are Richard Dawkins and Ford Doolittle,
and a detailed description of disputes surrounding it can be found
here. Briefly, critics point out that since natural selection operates
on individuals, it is not obvious how planetary-scale homeostasis
can evolve.
Lovelock
countered these challenges with models such as Daisyworld, which
illustrate how individual-level effects can translate to planetary
homeostasis. However, as Earth Systems Science is still in its infancy,
it is not yet clear how the lessons from Daisyworld apply to the
full complexity of the Earth's biosphere and climate.
Lovelock has become concerned about the threat of global warming
from the greenhouse effect. In 2004 he caused a media sensation
when he broke with many fellow environmentalists by pronouncing
that "Only nuclear power can now halt global warming".
In his view, nuclear energy is the only realistic alternative to
fossil fuels that has the capacity to both fulfil the large scale
energy needs of mankind while also reducing greenhouse emissions.
He stated, "I am a Green, and I entreat my friends in the movement
to drop their wrongheaded objection to nuclear energy".
Although
Lovelock's interventions in the public debate on nuclear power are
recent, his views on it are longstanding. In his 1988 book The Ages
Of Gaia he states: "I have never regarded nuclear radiation
or nuclear power as anything other than a normal and inevitable
part of the environment. Our prokaryotic forebears evolved on a
planet-sized lump of fallout from a star-sized nuclear explosion,
a supernova that synthesised the elements that go to make our planet
and ourselves."
Mass Human Extinction:: Writing in the British
newspaper The Independent in January 2006, Lovelock argues that,
as a result of global warming, "billions of us will die and
the few breeding pairs of people that survive will be in the Arctic
where the climate remains tolerable" by the end of the He claims
that by the end of the century, the average temperature in temperate
regions will increase by as much as 8°C and by up to 5°C
in the tropics, leaving much of the world's land uninhabitable and
unsuitable for farming. He suggests that "we have to keep in
mind the awesome pace of change and realise how little time is left
to act, and then each community and nation must find the best use
of the resources they have to sustain civilisation for as long as
they can."
Click here
to read more about Gaia
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